浅析西方古代自然法思想发展的哲学倾向

在西方数千年法律思想的长河中,"自然法"这一名称被不同的人在不同时期、为不同目的而运用。关于"法的本源"问题的探讨和争论导致了西方法律思想史中最早也是发展最曲折的法学流派———自然法学派的诞生。回顾这一流派产生的初期,在古希腊、古罗马和欧洲中世纪时期,自然法思想的基本理论框架已经形成,并且在其哲学倾向上表现出了客观主义和形而上学的特点。通过分析和认识这些特点,可以帮助我们正确理解和把握西方古代自然法思想的精髓,辨证和客观地评价其历史局限性,更加全面地看待其在西方法律思想史中的地位和作用。

Analysis on the Philosophical Tendency of the Natural Law in Ancient Western World

In the long history of legal ideas in the western world,the concept of "natural law" had been used by different people at different times and for different purposes.Researches and controversies about the origin of law led to the existence of natural-law school.At the beginning of this school,the theoretical frame of the natural law had taken shape and displayed the features of objectivism and metaphysics in ancient Greek,ancient Rome and European Middle Ages.It is helpful for us to understand and master its gist correctly,to appraise its historical limitations objectively and to consider its effect comprehensively by analyzing and understanding its features.