江西省输电线路常见鸟类习性分析

2011年11月—2017年5月,采用样线法、样点法和随机踏查相结合,对江西省输电线路导地线和铁塔上停留的鸟类种类、数量和生态习性进行调查.共记录到栖息在导地线或铁塔上鸟类49种,其中国家I级重点保护鸟类2种,国家II级重点保护鸟类3种.导地线和铁塔上出现频率较高的鸟类达20种,以中小型鸟类为主.鸟类生态习性多样,活动生境较为相似,以山丘森林和田野村落为主.调查发现,发生输电线路故障概率较高的鸟类为黑领椋鸟、丝光椋鸟和东方白鹳等.鸟类居留型以留鸟为主,区系以东洋界最多.一些数量等级低和濒危程度高的涉禽往往具有较高的扩散能力.并就如何减少输电线路涉鸟故障提出了一些建议.

The Analysis on Ecological Habits of Common Birds in Electric Transmission Lines from Jiangxi Province

The species,quantity and ecological habits of birds on the earth wire and iron towers of electric transmission lines in Jiangxi province are investigated,using line transects and point counts methods combined with a random survey,from November 2011 to May 2017.Forty-nine species of birds are recorded on the earth wire or iron towers,including two Chinese first key protected animals and three Chinese second key protected animals.There are 20 species of mainly medium and small-sized birds with higher frequency in the earth wire and iron towers.Birds have diverse ecological habits and similar habitats such as hills,forests and agricultural land.The results showe that Sturnus nigricollis,Sturnus sericeus and Ciconia boyciana have more probability of causing transmission lines breakdown.Resident is the main element of birds during this study,as for the fauna,the birds of Oriental realm has the highest proportion.Birds with low population size and high endangered rank always have higher diffusion capacity.Several suggestions on how to reduce electric transmission line breakdown are discussed.