仿生无痛注射针头研究进展

医用注射针是现代医疗诊治过程中的常用器械,但注射针头刺穿皮肤时产生的疼痛感会给患者带来严重不适,国内外学者就如何减轻注射过程对人体造成的疼痛感开展了广泛研究。蚊子、蝉、蜜蜂等昆虫的刺吸式口器因具有低阻力刺入动植物表皮的功能,已被视为仿生原型用于研制无痛注射针头。从注射针头刺穿皮肤疼痛的产生机制入手,概述了疼痛测量方法以及仿生原型刺入机理,重点分析了低阻力医用注射针头的减阻机理,介绍了微针阵列在材料选择与制备方面的研究状况,展望了低阻力医用注射针头研制的应用前景,指出未来在仿生无痛注射针的制备中,应基于高精度3D打印技术和激光微纳加工技术,获取加工精度更高的仿生无痛注射针头。

Research progress of bionic painless injection needle

Medical needle injection is a commonly used treatment method in modern medical treatment. However, the pain caused by skin irritation in the injection process brings out severe discomfort. In this regard, scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive studies to reduce the pain caused by needle injection. Insects, including mosquitoes, cicadas and bees, have the function of easily piercing the skin of animals and plants, which have been regarded as bionic prototypes for development of painless injection needles. Starting from the mechanism of pain generation when the injection needle pierces the skin, the measurement methods of pain perception and the bionic mechanism of bionic prototype were summarized; the bionic mechanism of low resistance suture needle was mainly analyzed, and research status of the microneedle array material selection and preparation was introduced; the application prospect of painless injection needle in low resistance suture needle was analyzed. Meanwhile, it was pointed out that the future research should focus on the application of high-precision 3D printing technology and laser micro processing technology in the preparation of bionic painless injection needles, so as to obtain the preparation technology with precise processing accuracy.