农村环境污染的生物监测

从生物监测与指示体的概念出发,综述了国内外近年来的相关研究进展。指出生物监测具有较好地指示环境危险品对生物带来的综合效应和及时预报环境中低量、痕量、毒性期限长的环境污染物,并可实现连续监测等优点。在生物监测中,利用指示生物法、生物标志物、聚氨酯泡沫塑料块法和污水生物系统实验法等可有效监测农村大气、土壤与水体污染。生物监测赖其指示体易得性、灵敏性、成本低、好管理,更兼农村生物多样性丰富等特点,易在农村实行。生物监测尚需进一步完善的是监测方法的标准化、监测参数的科学化、监测对象的定量化以及生态广域种的选择。表1,参16。

Biological monitoring in the pollution of the rural environment

This paper starts with the concepts of 'biomonitoring' and 'indicator' ,and then reviews the research progress in this area around the world.Biomonitoring can indicate the compositive effects of environmental pollutants to organisms, timely predicate the ppm or even sub-ppm contamination, and continually monitor the long-term chemicals.The methods of biomonitoring cover indicators, biomarkers, Polyurethane Foam Unit (PFU) and saprobic system, which can be applied in the air, water and soil pollution monitoring of rural area. Biological monitoring has such advantages as follows: available indicators, sensitivity, low cost, easy management, as well as the rich biodiversity in rural area. However, there still lie some problems in the standardization of methods, the scientification of parameters, the quantification of objects and the choice of ecologically adaptable species in wide range.