Predominant regulators of tubulin monomer–polymer partitioning and their implication for cell polarization |
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Authors: | Per Holmfeldt Mikael E Sellin Martin Gullberg |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Ume?, 901 87, Ume?, Sweden
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Abstract: | The microtubule-system organizes the cytoplasm during interphase and segregates condensed chromosomes during mitosis. Four
unrelated conserved proteins, XMAP215/Dis1/TOGp, MCAK, MAP4 and Op18/stathmin, have all been implicated as predominant regulators
of tubulin monomer–polymer partitioning in animal cells. However, while studies employing the Xenopus egg extract model system indicate that the partitioning is largely governed by the counteractive activities of XMAP215 and
MCAK, studies of human cell lines indicate that MAP4 and Op18 are the predominant regulators of the interphase microtubule-array.
Here, we review functional interplay of these proteins during interphase and mitosis in various cell model systems. We also
review the evidence that MAP4 and Op18 have interphase-specific, counteractive and phosphorylation-inactivated activities
that govern tubulin subunit partitioning in many mammalian cell types. Finally, we discuss evidence indicating that partitioning
regulation by MAP4 and Op18 may be of significance to establish cell polarity. |
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