睡虎地秦简文字直接构件系统的特点考察

睡虎地秦墓竹简文字是最重要的秦代文字资料,它上承商周古文,下启汉魏隶书,在汉字发展史上具有重要地位。运用构形学理论从1734个构形单位中共切分出886个直接构件。直接构件按照功能类型分为四种:表形构件、表义构件、表声构件以及无理构件。相关统计分析表明,直接构件中存在着一批基础元素,直接构件之间的组字能度差异大,尤其是存在大量组字次数仅为1次的构件。此外,无理构件也有所增加。

An Investigation of the Characteristics of Direct Component System of Chinese Characters Written on Bamboo Slips of Shuihudi Tomb in Qin Dynasty

Chinese characters written on bamboo slips of Shuihudi tomb in Qin Dynasty are the best and of great value and significance among all unearthed materials during that period.They have a special position in the history of Chinese characters,inheriting old Chinese from Shan and Zhou Dynasties and being followed by clerical script from Han and Wei Dynasties with the help of configurational theory.886 direct component parts are divided from 1734 graphic shapes.And the former have four different functions,such as expressing the shapes,implying the semantic meaning,hinting the pronunciation and pure sign component parts.Statistical analysis reveals that there exist a series of essential elements in the direct component parts between which there are big differences in their composition of characters,especially for those which can be used only once.In addition,pure sign component parts seem to increase.