最小生态径流的内涵及计算方法研究

从生态学的角度出发，论述生态环境用水的重要组成部分——最小生态径流的概念及其计算方法．列举了国内外最小生态径流的各种计算方法，如国外的最小连续30d平均流量法、7Q10法、Tennant法、R2CROSS法、河道湿周法和IFIM法，国内的环境功能设定法和水质目标约束法等．结合现有国内外的各种最小生态径流计算方法，针对生态水文的实际情况，提出了新的计算方法——逐月最小生态径流计算法和逐月频率计算法．利用洛河和伊河的天然径流资料，对不同方法计算结果的合理性进行比较分析．

Connotation of minimum ecological runoff and its calculation method

A discussion is made on some important components of ecological water consumption from the angle of ecology, including the concept of the minimum ecological runoff and its calculation method. An introduction is given to some calculation methods for the minimum ecological runoff, such as the minimum continuous 30 days' mean discharge method, 7Q10 method, Tennant method, R2CROSS method, wetted channel perimeter method, and IFIM method used at abroad, and the environment function enactment method and water quality objective restriction method mainly used in China. Aiming at the current situation of ecological hydrology, new methods are proposed for calculation of the minimum ecological runoff, i.e. the month-by-month minimum ecological runoff calculation method and month-by-month frequency calculation method. The rationality of the calculated results by the two methods is analyzed by use of the natural runoff data of the Luohe River and the Yihe River.