科学运行与科学家社会化

科学是一种社会建制 ,美国的科学社会学家R .K .默顿通过对作为社会建制的科学在社会中的运行进行研究 ,提出了科学运行的四条社会规范 :公有主义、普遍主义、无私利性以及有条理的怀疑主义。科学工作者在进入科学职业之前需要进行社会化以适应这种规范的要求 ,并把其内化为自己的行为规范。对科学家的社会化研究将是科研人员选拔中需要研究的重要问题。

The Processing of Science and the Socialization of Scientists

In1942,“Normal Structure in Science”written by R.K.Merton was published,which gave four scientific norms:universalism,communism,disinterestedness and organized skepticism.In Merton's opinion,science is a social institution processing in society.But there are still some disadvantages in Merton's theory when a new personnel was recruited.In fact some scientists offend the scientific morms just because they are not carry these norms into their daily works.We must make people to know which request was needed in field of science and socialize before they are selected as scientific operators.