波动光学应用于成像光学系统装配公差的确定

给出一种利用波动光学原理计算成像光学系统，特别是非旋转对称系统的装配公差计算方法．采用光波波面描述物面上一个点发出的光在存在装配误差的系统中的传播过程．用菲涅耳衍射公式计算自由传播部分；用薄透镜的透射比计算通过透镜时的波面变化，由此得到射向像面的成像波面；通过对成像波面分布的分析推断成像情况；依据容许的成像质量确定装配误差．以一个含两个柱面透镜的成像系统为例，导出了确定这两个柱面透镜母线不正交性公差的公式．由此说明该方法可以解决不易用几何光学方法获得解析结果的问题．

Determination of Assembling Tolerances for Optical Imaging Systems by the Use of Wave Optics

A method based on wave optics for the determination of assembling tolerances of optical imaging systems, especially non rotationally symmetric systems, is given. The light emitted from an object point and its propagation in a system with assembling errors is described through wave fronts. Wave front changes due to free space propagation are calculated with Frenel's diffraction formula and those due to passing through a lens are calculated with equivalent amplitude transmittance function of the lens. A final imaging wavefront thus obtained is used to analyse the imaging performances, and the assembling tolerances can then be determined by making reference to some predetermined image quality requirements. An imaging system comprising two cylindrical lenses is taken as an example, and a formula for determining the tolerance of the non orthogonity between the generating lines of the two lenses is deduced. It can be seen that the present method is able to resolve problems that do not easily permit themselves to be analytically resolved with geometrical optics.