Retarding and manipulating of DNA molecules translocation through nanopores

Nanopores are emerging sensitive sensors that can detect and analyze single charged molecule.Nanopores present a promising approach for sequencing human genome below US$1,000 because of its superior performance,such as high throughput and low cost.However,a dominant bottleneck,that is,the high translocation speed of DNA molecules,has to be overcome.This property decreases accuracy of nanopore sensors to the single-base level.In this review,we mainly introduce the recent research works of retarding and manipulating of DNA motion through nanopores by actively control of three forces,which are the driving force,interaction force between nanopore and molecule,and exterior drag force.Lastly,conclusion and further outlook are presented on future directions of nanopore-based DNA sequencing technology.