松散矿岩的剪切性质及其理论

本文研究了松散矿岩的剪切强度及其影响强度的重要因素,同时检验库伦公式在松散矿岩的条件下应用的可靠性,从而寻求到一个比较简单和完善的、适用于松散矿岩的数学模型。作者利用大型直剪机和先进的测试手段,对松散矿岩的不同粒度,级配、含水量和压实度等多种参数对剪切强度和内摩擦角的影响进行了试验和理论分析,发现在用土力学中的库伦公式对全部试样的结果进行处理时,如果把同一试样施加的同一垂直应力归为一组来比较,发现后面循环的剪切强度总是较前面循环试验所得的剪切强度要高。这种系统的差别表明采用库伦模型来处理像本试验中这样的松散矿岩,必定有某种未知的重要因素未加考虑。为了查明在库伦模型中未改虑的重要因素,采用典型试样L_5的结果进行了分析,从单位体积变形能的观点,推导出适合于松散矿岩的一个新的数学模型,即τ=D′_1σ+D′_2nσ+D′_3σ~2。从这个新的剪切强度公式可以看出,库伦公式未考虑的重要因素就是材料的孔隙率n。用新的公式来处理L_5的结果,不仅与数理统计理论相符,而且可从理论上解释其逻辑性。此外在实践中也可以减少大量的试验试样和试验时间。在对试样L_5进行典型分析建立的各种应力应变和剪切强度的关系,同样也适用于其他试样结果的分析,这就更进一步证明新的公式的可靠性。

SHEAR PROPERTIES OF FRAGMENTED ROCK MASSES-Test and Theories

Shear tests were performed on three types of fragmented rock mass samples to investi-gate the following parameters of the material: particle size and distribution, moisture contentand compactness. From the standpoint of deformation energy,a shear strength envelop equation has beendeducted for loose rock material. A comparison was made between the results calculated withthis equation and Coulomb's equation. The results obtained for each investigated parameter include the relationship between shearforce and shear displacement during constant normal force, the volume change,the deformationenergy change, and the internal friction angle and the external friction angle between looserock material and a solid material.