| 中国古代试辨硝石与芒硝的历史 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵匡华 赵宇彤. 中国古代试辨硝石与芒硝的历史[J]. 自然科学史研究, 1994, 13(4): 336-349 |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵匡华 赵宇彤 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学化学系 |
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| 摘 要： | 该文揭示了中国古代医药界和炼丹术早期活动中对各种“硝”（包括硝酸钾、硫酸钠和硫酸镁）在认识和应用上的混乱情况。接着论证了在唐代以后是中国炼丹家通过焰色和化学性质（硝酸钾的特征紫青焰色、助燃性和氧化性以及芒硝的风化性和特殊晶形）制订了对硝酸钾加以辨识的科学方法，从而结束了混乱局面，并促进了火药的发明和推动了芒．硝的应用。最后介绍了具有中国古代特色的、利用萝卜和植物灰对天然芒硝与火硝的提纯法，以及火硝与盐的重结晶分离法，并解释了其中的科学道理。
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| 关 键 词： | 硝石与芒硝，诸硝辨别，硝的提纯 |
THE HISTORY OF SALTPETRE AND MIRABILITE DISTINCTION IN ANCIENT CHINA |
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| Zhao Kuanghua, Zhao Yutong. THE HISTORY OF SALTPETRE AND MIRABILITE DISTINCTION IN ANCIENT CHINA[J]. Studies In The History of Natural Sciences, 1994, 13(4): 336-349 |
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| Authors: | Zhao Kuanghua Zhao Yutong |
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| Affiliation: | Zhao Kuanghua; Zhao Yutong |
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| Abstract: | This article reveals the confused recognization and application of different kinds of "Xiao" (including; KNO3; Na2SO4. 10H2O and MgSO4 7H2O) in alchemical and medical edivities of ancient China. Then; it proves that it was Chinese alchemists who found the scientific methods to distinguish KNO3 from other "Xiao" by its typical fire colour and chemical characters; and putos an end to the confusion This achievement promoted the invention of gunpowder and application of mirabilite;In the last part of this article; the purification methods of natural mirabilite and natural saltpetre by using radish and plant ash are introduced Moreover; the scientific principles of theese methods are explained. |
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