十里香茶大小孢子发生发育中异常形态的研究

十里香茶在非盛花期(6,11月)所开的花中,花药和胚珠的异常率均最高。胚珠的异常常伴随着花药的异常而发生。绒毡层在各发育时期常出现局部增生;细胞异常肥大;核异常增殖常出现局部增生;细胞异常肥大;核异常增殖和凝集;细胞彼此融合等异常形态,这些异常形态常发生在药室内靠药隔的一侧,而相对一侧的绒毡层却退化甚至解体。绒毡层过早或过迟解体,这些异常都将对小孢子的发育产生极大的影响。花粉母细胞减数分裂时期出现染色体凝聚,核膜溶解推迟,壁形成异常和胼胝质过早或过迟解体等现象。花粉粒时期出现核异常分裂,解体,三核,空瘪等情况。大孢子母细胞在减数分裂期即解体,有的珠被不伸长形成珠孔,使珠孔呈开放状“喇叭口”,导致胚囊部分裸露,其内核解体甚至溢出胚囊外。曾观察到2～3个大孢子母细胞并存和多细胞卵器的现象。对某些异常现象产生的原因及在生产中的意义,胼胝质的功能等问题进行了讨论。

Research on the Abnormal Morphyology of the Macro-microsporogenesis and Development in "Shi Li Xiang" Tea

In " Shi Li Xiang" tea, the abnormal rate of the ovule and the anther of the flowers collected in June and November when the blooming is rare is the highest. The abnormal ovule often appear simultaneously with the abnormal anther. At every development stage of the tapetum cell, the cell increase in number or hypertrophy in definite region ,their nuclei abnormally propagate to form poly-nucleate body, some poly-nucleate bodies are also formed by cytomixis. All these cases often occur in the region of the tapetum near vascular bundle of the anther, meanwhile the tapetum on the opposite side disorganize. Sometimes the tapetum cells degenerate or disorganize too early or late. At prophase I of the PMC's meiosis division, the chrosomes aggregate and nuclear membrane's solution postpone; Sometimes the forming and degeneration of the callose wall are too late. In some mature pollen grains the nuclear abnormal division and degeneration, 3-nucleate or hollow pollen grains are often observed. Some megaspore mother cells degenerate at meiosis. Instead of the integument extending to become micropyle as unual ,it becomes an expansive mouth and the embryo sac expose here, the nuclei in it degenerate or flow out of the sac. We have come across the special embryo sac with a several-celled egg apparatus and simultaneous 2-3 megaspore mother cells in an ovule for twice.