吊兰及其变种叶片结构的比较解剖学研究

吊兰及其变种(银心吊兰、银边吊兰)是重要的室内观赏、园艺装饰植物。采用徒手切片、显微观察与测量及数理统计等方法,比较其叶的解剖结构。结果表明:①吊兰、银心吊兰和银边吊兰均为等面叶;叶的结构由表皮、叶肉、叶脉组成。上下表皮由1层细胞组成;气孔器均分布于下表皮,且呈带状排列;叶肉没有栅栏组织和海绵组织之分;叶脉结构简单,由木质部、韧皮部和机械组织组成。②吊兰及其变种叶外观色彩区别明显,叶面积显著差异;上表皮细胞厚度约为下表皮细胞的两倍;上下表皮细胞径向厚度、切向长度、角质层厚度、气孔密度差异明显;叶肉细胞形态和叶绿体数量差异显著;叶脉维管束在横切面上的长度差异极显著;这些特征可以作为吊兰及其变种间的分类学指标。

Comparative Anatomical Study of Chlorophytum Comosum and Its Variants in Leaf Structure

Chlorophytum comosum and its variants （Chlorophytum comosum var. mediopictum and Chlorophytum comosum var. variegatum） are important indoor ornamental, decorative gardening plants. The leaf anatomy research was carried out by the methods of free--hand sectioning, microscopic observation and measurement, and mathematical statistics. The results showed that： O The leaves of Chlorophytum comosum and its variants are isobilateral leafs leaf structure consists of the epidermis, mesophyll, and veins. The composition of upper epidermis and lower epidermis is one layer epidermis cells. The stomata are distributed in the lower epidermis and zonal arrangement. Mesophyll has no differentiation of palisade and spongy tissue. The structure of vein is simple, composed by the xylem, phloem and mechanical tissue. （2）The exterior color leaves of Chlorophytum eomosum and its variants were distinctively different. The leaf area was significantly different. The thickness of the upper epidermis cells was about twice than that of lower epidermis cells. The differences were significant in radial thickness, tangential length, cuticle thickness of the upper and lower epidermis cells, and so was the density of stomata. The morphology and chloroplast number of mesophyll cell had significant differences. The vascular bundle length of veins was significantly differenf in cross--section. Those characteristics would be used as taxonomic indicators of Chlorophytum comosum and its variants.