论政治伦理中的自由理念

自由理念是政治伦理理念的一个重要方面,它是人们审视政治生活、评价政治行为、建构政治制度的尺度。自由的实质既不是个人的自主选择,也不是人的行为的无阻碍状态,而是主体与客体相统一的人类生活状态,是人追求其价值并能够被顺利地实现的生活状态。自由本身就是一种价值,具有价值本性,这为人们选择不同的自由提供了根据。同一政治生活中同时存在着积极自由与消极自由,它们要实现必定会受制于一定的条件。限制或者实现自由的条件主要有外在的客观因素、法律等制度、道德与自由本身。

On the Idea of Freedom in Political Ethics

The idea of freedom is an important aspect in political ethics. It is a measurement for people to observe their political life, judge their political behavior and construct their political systems. The nature of freedom is neither a person's free choice, nor the unimpeded state of one's behavior. Instead, it is a life state of which the subject and object are unified and people can pursue and achieve their life value. Freedom itself is a kind of value and has its valuable nature, which has thus offered evidence for people to choose different freedom. Positive freedom and negative freedom coexist in the political life, and their fulfillment is sure to be restricted by some conditions which external objective factors, constitutions and systems, moralities and freedom itself.