以反权威之名行用权威之实——从西方修辞的角度看王朔批判话语

痞子文学代表人物王朔在世纪之交的再次走红常常被贬斥或轻描淡写为“自我炒作”或“哗众取宠”。但是,如何“争众赢宠”却不仅是西方修辞学关注的中心议题,也是包括王朔批评者在内的话语实践者孜孜以求的目标。王朔看似只有“骂”味的话语实践中其实蕴含了“以反权威之名行利用权威之实”这一修辞策略。王朔高调批判诸权威的同时,却通过投射适当的修辞人格消抹其自身同样具有的权威身份,并通过诉诸“事实”这一国人广泛认同的权威、主动承担“举证责任”、利用权威分裂又互相借重的状态而实际上利用了权威来使自己的话语获得“授权,”最终实现“自我确立”。

Exploiting Authority in the Name of Anti-Authority: A Rhetorical Analysis of Wang Shuo's Critical Practice

The so-called "Rascal Writer" Wang Shuo's second successful self-promotion at the turn of 21st century is often depreciated as mere "self-trumpeting" or "playing to the gallery".Yet,how to win the audience's attentions and gain their adherence are not only the constant focuses of rhetoric,but also covetous goals of every discursive practitioner.Threading Wang's seemingly curse-like discursive practice is such a rhetorical strategy of exploiting authority in the name of anti-authority.While high-pitchedly mounting discursive attacks against authorities,Wang does not forget to efface his own authority status by projecting a suitable ethos.By resorting to the Chinese-endorsed authority of "fac",all too voluntarily shouldering"burden of proof",and tapping into the split-but-no-lack-of-appropriation feature of authority,Wang turns out to count heavily on authorities to empower his discourse and himself.