时间-空间GIS时空数据库基础模型初探

时间-空间尺度的数据表达、基础模型的研究与处理是时间地理信息系统发展的关键.时间地理信息系统(TGIS)的建立,可以记录历史的地理实际状况,有助于解释与分析地理变化的动力学过程,研究导致地理现象时间演化的各种相关过程与机理.时间-空间数据的一体化定义与表达、基础模型的类型体系划分、模型构筑与模拟实现是TGIS研究与建立的基础.从TGIS理念提出伊始,基础模型基本上按照应用中可能进行的查询类型——什么、何地、何时(分别对应于特征、空间与时间),或按照所使用的建模工具——实体关系图、语义模型,或面向对象模型等进行分类.通过对TGIS中不同尺度、不同分类方法所定义的基础模型的区别与联系等分析,尝试在基本、组合、高级3个层次上划分与研究基础模型,讨论相应的模型表述,为进一步研究TGIS模型提供一些设想和参照.

Preliminary Exploration of Foundational Models in Databases of Temporal-spatial GIS

Research on expression methods of temporal-spatial data theory,an application of the foundational models is the key issues in the development of temporal geographical information system (TGIS). As an advanced tool,TGIS can be used to record fully historical geographical reality, explain and analyze the dynamic processes of geographical changes,and research explicitly on the mechanism and other corresponding processes resulting from the evolution of the geographical reality and phenomena. The fundamentals of the research and the establishment of TGIS were include how to define an integrated definition and expression of temporal and spatial data, determine the category and classification of the foundational models, select the suitable construction of the models for the successful modeling and so on. At the beginning of TGIS ideas put forward and in practice, foundational models in TGIS were classified normally according to the querying category - what, where and when (3W issues corresponding to the feature space,and time) or the modeling tools utilized - entity relations diagrams(ERD), semantic models (SM) and object-oriented models (OOM). In the view of studying the foundational models in TGIS, by discussion and reduction of difference and relations between the foundational models based on different classification methods and different scale used, this paper puts forward a suggestion that the foundational models in TGIS can be classified at three ranks i.e. fundamental,composite and advanced. All the expressions of the models have been expressed and discussed in the paper. The purpose of the paper is to put forward some new ideas for the future research on TGIS.