Affiliation: | (1) Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich (TUM), Trogerstr. 30, 81675 Munich, Germany;(2) Clinical Cooperation Groups “Antigen-specific Immunotherapy” and “Immune-Monitoring”, Helmholtz Center Munich (Neuherberg), TUM, Munich, Germany;(3) Focus Group “Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany;(4) DZIF – National Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany; |
Abstract: | During the past two decades of research in T cell biology, an increasing number of distinct T cell subsets arising during the transition from naïve to antigen-experienced T cells have been identified. Recently, it has been appreciated that, in different experimental settings, distinct T cell subsets can be generated in parallel within the same immune response. While signals driving a single “lineage” path of T cell differentiation are becoming increasingly clear, it remains largely enigmatic how the phenotypic and functional diversification creating a multi-faceted T cell response is achieved. Here, we review current literature indicating that diversification is a stable trait of CD8+ T cell responses. We showcase novel technologies providing deeper insights into the process of diversification among the descendants of individual T cells, and introduce two models that emphasize either intrinsic noise or extrinsic signals as driving forces behind the diversification of single cell-derived T cell progeny populations in vivo. |