双歧杆菌对慢性腹泻猕猴肠道微生物组的影响

本研究旨在结合高通量测序和平板计数实验探索含活性双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium spp)的饲料对慢性腹泻猕猴(Macaca mulatta)肠道微生物多样性及其腹泻症状的影响.通过16S rRNA高通量测序对比分析添加双歧杆菌前后饲料的菌群组成，发现添加组双歧杆菌的相对丰度显著高于未添加组(P<0.05).向慢性腹泻猕猴投喂该饲料，一个月后收集粪便进行宏基因组测序，并与前期研究获得的未添加组慢性腹泻猕猴和健康猕猴的肠道宏基因组数据对比分析，发现添加组的肠道菌群中乳杆菌(Lactobacillus spp)相对丰度较未添加组显著上调(P<0.05)，与健康组无显著差异(P>0.05).最后对饲喂双歧杆菌后好转及持续腹泻猕猴的粪便进行乳杆菌平板计数实验.发现经饲喂，猕猴肠道中乳杆菌数量增加，验证了宏基因组测序分析的结果.

The effects of Bifidobacterium on the gut microbiome of macaques with chronic diarrhea

Macaca mulatta, as the most important non-human primate model animal, is widely used in biomedical research, so there are a large number of captive populations in the country. Diarrhea is more common in captive populations and is extremely harmful to macaques, especially juvenile macaques. Based on the changes in intestinal microbial composition, function and drug resistance of macaques with diarrhea, this study combined high-throughput sequencing technology and plate counting to explore the effect of adding active Bifidobacterium to the feed on the intestinal microbial diversity of macaques with chronic diarrhea and the improvement of diarrhea symptoms. Firstly, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing through a comparative analysis of the composition of the flora on the feed with and without Bifidobacterium added. We found that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the feed added to Bifidobacteria was significantly increased compared with that of the unaddressed feed group (P<0.05). Then, by using diet with Bifidobacterium added to the chronic diarrhea macaques for one month for adjuvant treatment, the diarrhea symptoms were found to be significantly better than those in the unaddressed group. The feces of the chronic diarrhea macaques in the added group were collected for metagenomic sequencing, and the intestinal metagenomic data of the chronic diarrhea macaques and healthy macaques in the unaddressed group were compared with the intestinal metagenomic data of the unaddressed group of chronic diarrhea macaques and healthy macaques, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal flora of the added diarrhea macaque was significantly upregulated compared with that of the unrestricted group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference from the healthy group (P>0.05). Finally, the Lactobacillus plate counting experiment was carried out on the macaques who improved after feeding Bifidobacterium and the macaques with persistent diarrhea. It was found that the number of Lactobacillus macaques with improved diarrhea after feeding Bifidobacterium was higher than that in the continuous diarrhea group, which verified the results of metagenomic sequencing analysis. The above results show that the level of Lactobacillus in the intestinal flora of the diarrhea macaque monkey after feeding Bifidobacterium is elevated, and the intestinal flora structure is restored to a healthy level, which is conducive to the improvement of diarrhea symptoms. This study provides data support for captive macaques in the adjuvant treatment of diarrheal diseases by using probiotic feeding to modulate gut microbes.