船舶压载水导致的生物入侵及其防治对策

国际航运船舶,尤其是船舶装载的压载水是传播地理性隔离有害生物的主要途径,这类传播目前已经在世界范围内对生态环境和世界经济造成了巨大的危害．该文介绍了国际航运船舶压载水情况,压载水所携带生物种类,以及可能入侵的风险和危害．总结了目前已经应用和正在研究中的各种处理压载水的方法,提出了使用风险评估系统与动态生态模型相结合,应用计算机和数学的定量分析手段的必要性和重要性．以期对压载水的生物入侵可能造成的风险和危害给出定性乃至定量的评价,为我国压载水处理和生物入侵的综合防治提供参考．

A Survey of Managements of Non-indigenous Species via Ballast Water Transport

One of the most important mechanisms for the introduction of non-indigenous organisms is transport in ship ballast water. By analyzing the situation of ballast water usage in ship-transport and the negative impacts of introduced marine organisms via ballast water transport on ecosystems, economic deveopment and public health, comparing with the treatments using and being researched on preventing transport of the non-indigenous invaders, it is found out that there are advantages and prospects of quantitative risk assessment associated with eco-models on treating ballast water introductions. This may give some qualitative and quantitative evaluations on suggestions to the Chinese ballast water managements.