Beyond the Shadow

This paper attempts to probe into the philosophical foundations of organizational theories. By reflecting upon several lofty philosophies and ideas, this paper argues that the convention of functionalism, primarily rests on analogical mapping, possesses inadequate grounding about omitting human issues. By contrast, humanism overstresses non-determinist property of the human mind, and ignores the objective constraints of lifeless entities. Grounded on these arguments, this paper proposes multiple perspectives to complement diverse convictions. The proposed idea seeks to increase the variety of a management system, and an effective intervention in organizational problems.