轿车转向杆系的优化设计

汽车转向杆系的设计对轮胎的磨损和车辆的操纵稳定性都有一定的影响。在对轿车转向杆系进行优化设计的过程中,运用位移矩阵法对MacPherson式悬架和齿轮齿条式转向系统的转向杆系进行了空间运动学分析,给出了前轴内、外轮转角关系的计算方法。综合考虑转向速比、轮胎的磨损及车辆的操纵稳定性要求提出了优化目标函数,并采用可变容差法进行求解。开发了悬架的运动分析及转向杆系的优化设计程序。运用该程序对一例实际车型进行了计算,其结果与试验值符合较好,表明该优化设计方法具有较高的准确性及一定的工程应用价值。

Optimal design of steering tie rods in passenger cars

The design of steering tie rods affects tire wear and handling performance of passenger cars. The displacement matrix method was used to analyze the spatial kinematics of the MacPherson strut suspension and steering tie rods in a rack and pinion steering system. Calculational method of the relationship between the inside and outside wheels of the front axle was given. Objective functions of the optimal design consider steering ratio, tire wear, and vehicle handling performance. A mathematic model for the steering tie rod optimization was constructed. The flexible tolerance algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem considering both the kinematics analysis and the optimization. Tests with an actual car show that the optimal design method is accurate and very useful in vehicle design.