1755年里斯本大地震与2008年汶川大地震 灾后恢复重建比较

1755年里斯本大地震是欧洲历史上最具破坏力、最具影响力的地震之一,2008年汶川大地震是中国近年来发生的典型巨灾,两者灾后恢复重建均产生深远影响和意义.1755年里斯本大地震和2008年汶川大地震虽然发生在不同时代、不同地理位置和不同社会性质下,但在自然环境、人文环境和社会环境等方面却有相似之处,具有一定可比性.本文主要将两者灾后恢复重建的政府主导、整体规划、融资方式和心理干预4方面进行比较,分析两者在恢复重建中存在的困难和取得的进步,最终得出针对我国恢复重建的相关建议:将"以人为本"根植于政府主导的恢复重建模式;整体规划重点体现整体性、全局性和前瞻性;坚持多种融资方式并存,并严格监管;在专业人才、组织管理体系和法律法规等方面完善心理干预.

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction:a comparative study of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake was one of the most destructive earthquakes in Europe,and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is a typical catastrophe in many years in China.Both had far-reaching impact and significance for restoration and reconstruction.The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake happened at different times,at different locations and with different natures of society,but the natural environment,human environment and social environment are rather similar and comparable.Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction of the two earthquakes were compared,from four aspects:government lead, overall planning,finance,and psychological intervention.The difficulties encountered and progresses made were analyzed.Suggestions for restoration and reconstruction were put forward.First,“people-oriented”principle should dominate government-led recovery and reconstruction.Second,the planning should stress overall outlook,global and forward-looking strategy.Third,different financing modes should be applied, under strict supervision. Forth, professional personnel, organization and management, and laws and regulations should be stressed to improve psychological intervention.