杉木Cunninghamia 1anceolata( Lamb.)Hook.开花结籽的解剖学观察

<正>本文用光学显微镜观察了杉木从花芽分化到种子形成过程中的解剖学特征。观察结果: 1.杉木从花芽分化到种子形成约需经过十四个月的时间,其中必须经过越冬。在南京地区杉木花芽通常在八月开始分化,翌年三月底或四月初开花传粉,六月中旬受精,九月胚胎发育完成,十月种子成熟。 2.杉木的小孢子量多质高,成熟期较一致,因此,在花期辅以人工授粉,可以大大提高杉木种子的质量。 3.杉木胚胎发育过程中出现裂生多胚与简单多胚两种多胚现象。 文内列有杉木开花结籽时间表(见表1) 杉木是裸子植物。为我国南方特有的主要造林树种,也是一种优美的观赏树种。杉木具有生长快、材质好、用途广、产量高等优良特性,出材量约占全国木材的总产量的四分之一至五分之一。因此,系统地搞清楚杉木个体发育的解剖学特征,有利于了解杉木生长发育的特性,从而可为杉木的良种繁育、速生丰产提供必要的植物学理论依据;同时也为植物学教材积累资料,以供有关林业生产、科研与教学单位参考。

AN ANATOMICAL OBSERVATION ON THE FLOWERING AND SEEDING DEVELOPMENT OF CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA (LAMB. ) HOOK.

Developmental features from flewer initiation to seed fermation of Cunningha mia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. were studied under the optical microscope. Materials used in this study were collected from trees of twenty-year-old in Nanjing during 1976-77. The observations are summarized as follows:1. Cunningharnia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. takes about fourteen months, including winter, to complete the development from flower initiation to seed formation. In Nanjing, the flower bud initiation usually begins in early August, pollination in late March or early April of the next year, fertilization in the middle of June, embryo development in July, August and September, and the seed maturity in October.2. The microspores are great in quantity, high in quality, and ripe simultaneously. Therefore, with the artificial supplementary pollination in the flowering period, the quality of the seeds can be greatly improved.3. Cleavage polyembryony and simple polyembryony may occur in the early development of embryogeny.