褐家鼠和黄胸鼠取食行为研究

在４５ｍ２室内人工模拟自然条件下进行褐家鼠和黄胸鼠取食行为生态学特征的研究。观察结果显示，两种鼠对所提供的食物的日平均取食量和觅食时所付出的活动行为强度均无明显差异，但在日内的７时、１５时和２３时之间的摄食量和活动量的差异均极显著。当所提供的食物源有选择机会时，褐家鼠选择的平均取食量是玉米碎＞稻谷＞大米；黄胸鼠是玉米碎＞大米＞稻谷，无食物选择机会时褐家鼠的取食量是稻谷＞玉米碎＞大米；黄胸鼠是大米＞玉米碎＞稻谷。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠在寻找选择食物的过程中，通常付出的活动行为强度（量）是２３时点＞７时点＞１５时点。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的取食行为特征表现可用“摄食时间＋食物源＋行为反应”的模式表示。同时指出鼠的取食行为与防治实践之间关系的重要性。

Studies on the Foraging Behaviors of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus

The foraging behaviors of Rattus norvegicus and R. flavipectus were researched in a room with an area of 45m². The daily average food consumption and movement frequency of R.norvegicus are both similar to those of R. flavipectus. For two species of rodent, there are significant differences among the average food consumptions and movement frequencies during three time intervals in a day. The order of the movement frequency is 15:00~23:00 > 23:00~7:00 > 7:00~15:00. When three kinds of food are presented together, the order of average food consumption of R. norvegicus is broken maize > unhusked rice > rice, while that of R. flavipectus is broken maize > rice > unhusked rice. When single food is provided, the orders are respectively unhusked rice > broken maize > rice, and rice > broken maize > unhusked rice. The foraging patterns of two species of rodent depend on three fators:foraging time, food resource and behavior response. The relationship between their foraging behaviors and their controls are also discussed.