石家庄市采暖期空气质量特征及其与气象条件的关系

为确定石家庄市采暖期易引发大气污染的气象条件,通过对石家庄市2016—2018年采暖期的空气质量逐日监测数据,以及同期气象观测资料进行研究,分析了石家庄市采暖期的空气质量变化特征,探讨了影响环境数据变化的主要气象要素,筛选并确定了PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、AQI的污染气象指标。结果表明:石家庄市采暖期内所有天数均为非一级天,其中污染日较多,占69.58%,以PM_(2.5)为首要污染物的天数最多,其次是PM_(10);PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2、CO浓度与气温、变压、风速和混合层高度负相关,与相对湿度正相关(SO_2除外),O_3与气象要素的相关性和上述五种污染物相反;气象要素对大气环境影响的排序为:相对湿度风速混合层高度水汽压变压气温;确定的三种污染气象指标准确率分别是70.37%、70.37%、72.97%。

The Characteristics of Air Quality and Relationship with Meteorological Conditions in Heating Period of Shijiazhuang

In order to determine the meteorological conditions of air pollution in Shijiazhuang during heating period, the daily monitoring data of air quality and the meteorological observation data during the heating period from 2016 to 2018 in Shijiazhuang were studied. The characteristics of air quality change during the heating period in Shijiazhuang were analyzed. The main meteorological elements which affected the change of environmental data were discussed. The pollution meteorological indexes of PM10, PM2.5 and AQI were screened and determined. The results show that: (i) There is no first-class day during the heating period of Shijiazhuang, and the pollution days are the most which accounting for 69.58%. PM2.5 has the largest number of days as the primary pollutant, then the second is PM2.5. (ii) There is a negative correlation between PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO concentration and temperature, variable pressure, wind speed, mixed layer height, and a positive correlation with relative humidity (except SO2). The correlation between O3 and meteorological elements is opposite to the other five pollutants. (iii) The order of meteorological elements affecting atmospheric environment is as follows: relative humidity > wind speed > mixed layer height > variable pressure > temperature. (iv) The accuracy rate of the three pollution meteorological indexes is 70.37%, 70.37% and 93.24%, respectively.