信号交叉口排队消散特性实证对比

对中国上海和天津2个城市的11条直行车道的数据分析表明,信号交叉口的排队消散过程可分为三个阶段,即启动阶段、稳定阶段和上升阶段.与日本名古屋市17条直行车道的数据进行对比,分析了两国案例城市排队消散特性的异同.结果表明,我国案例城市的饱和车头时距较大(0.05s),饱和流率较小(80pcu·h-1),启动损失较大(0.83s),大车的折算系数是日本的1.07倍;但3个城市排队消散过程都出现了末尾车头时距的下降且相关参数分别服从相同分布.最后,以上海市一个典型交叉口为例比较了两国案例城市的排队消散特性对信号配时与通行效率的影响.

A Comparative Study of Queue Discharge Characteristics at Signalized Intersections

This paper analyzed queue discharge characteristics of 11 straight ahead lanes at signalized intersections in Shanghai and Tianjin, China. The results show that the discharge process of queuing vehicles can be divided into three distinctive stages, i.e., the start up stage, the stable stage and the rising stage. The similarities and differences in queue discharge patterns were then compared with 17 straight ahead lanes in Nagoya, Japan. The results show that, in China, the average saturation headway was 0.05s larger, the average saturation flow rate was 80 pcu·h-1 lower, the average start up lost time was 0.83s shorter, and the passenger car equivalent was 7% larger. However, the headways compression phenomenon and the distribution of discharge flow factors were found to be similar in the three cities. Finally, one typical intersection in Shanghai was selected as the test site to analyze the impacts of different queue discharge patterns on signal timing and operational efficiency.