流域尺度的景观-水质模型研究进展

景观-水质关系的定量化研究对非点源污染评价非常重要。发达国家已推出许多功能强大的流域水文水质模型,为研究景观-水质机理提供了有效工具。在景观生态学领域,大多采用经验模型研究景观指标与流域水质间的关系,所采用的景观指标主要有土地类型面积比例、地形特征、廊道特征等,也有一些专门针对水质过程的格局指标;建模方法以线性模型中的回归分析为主。未来的机理模型将更多地考虑不同尺度模型之间的联系,经验模型将会重视广义线性模型方法的应用。鉴于异速生长权度指标已成功运用在许多研究领域,在刻画系统等级特征方面显示出了巨大潜力,有可能为研究景观-水质关系提供新途径。

Development of Watershed-scale Landscape-water Quality Models

Studying quantitative relationships of landscape-water quality is a fundamental step to assess impact of non-point source pollutions. Many hydrological and water quality models with multifunctionality have been developed as useful tools to study several key mechanisms in developed countries. In landscape ecological studies, however, the empirical modeling approaches have been dominated with emphasis on the relationships between the landscape metrics and water quality; the commonly used metrics include the area percentage of different land-use types, indicators of topography and corridor, and so on. The main techniques for developing those models of landscapewater quality are statistical regression analysis based on a linear model. It is expected that the connection among the multi-scale mechanism models will be taken into account in future studies, and the generalized linear models may receive much more attention than ever before. It is also believed that using allometric scaling to link geometrical features of landscape, regulating capacities of natural ecosystems, and water quality may potentially provide a new way to study landscape-water quality in a more coherent, hierarchical setting.