非资源消费型野生动物旅游者的环境态度研究——以澳大利亚海豚探索中心为例

通过对前往澳大利亚班布里海豚探索中心的访客进行调研, 使用新生态范式量表, 运用K-means聚类分析、方差分析等定量方法, 探析游客对在野外生境中接触海豚的环境态度及差异性, 主要结论如下。首先, 受访者样本总体环境态度分为三类: 近人类中心主义、近生态中心主义和立场中立者, 样本总体的环境态度归属近生态中心主义。其次, 不同环境态度群组的人口社会学特征具有差异性。人口社会学特征中, 性别和学历在环境态度存在显著性差异(p≤0.05)。不同年龄、收入和家庭状况对环境态度无显著性差异(p≤0.05)。最后, 旅游行为中旅游经历、信息来源途径对环境态度具有显著差异, 旅行同伴、消费额和停留时间对环境态度无显著性差异; 重游意愿对风险感知具有显著性差异, 满意度无显著性差异。研究结果有助于理解野生动物旅游者特征和理解人与野生动物接触的复杂过程, 对野生动物旅游目的地管理具有重要意义。

Empirical Research on Environmental Attitude of Non-consumptive Wildlife Tourism: A Case Study of Dolphin Discovery Center (DDC) in Bunbury,Australia

The study site is the Dolphin Discovery Center (DDC) in Bunbury, Australia. Based on New Environmental Paradigm, combined with cluster analysis and variance analysis to examine the extent of environmental attitude for DDC and demographic differences, the main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, taxonomies were proposed according to different environmental attitudes, and wildlife tourists are classified into anthropocentrism, neutrally and ecological-centre. Wildlife tourists’ environmental attitudes are ecologically-centered. In addition, tourists’ demographic characteristics differences in environmental attitude are examined. Gender and education have significant differences in non-consumptive environmental attitude (p≤0.05). Age, income and family status all do not have significant differences in environmental attitude (p≤0.05). Last, travel behaviours, information source from personal experience and willingness to revisit have a significant difference in the environment attitude (p≤0.05), and travel companion, spending and time stayed and satisfaction have no significant difference (p≤0.05). This study is likely to have a deep understanding of wildlife tourists and the complex process of tourists’ interaction with wild animals and is of great significance for wildlife tourism destination management.