基于FCD的出租车空驶时空特性及成因研究——以深圳国贸CBD为例

国内外对出租车研究,多集中于对其本身运营与管理关注,局限于对交通运输行业内具体应用范畴的探讨,而从人文地理、城市规划视角进行的研究尚未见到。基于实时动态数据,对出租车空驶时空特性及成因研究更无涉及。研究以国家节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点城市深圳为例,运用交通学科方法,采集FCD,进行要素筛选、特征提取、聚类分析、归纳统计等,得到深圳特区出租车空驶分布特征;在此基础上,基于GIS-T平台,绘制出租车空驶分布图,选取出租车空驶现象严重区域国贸CBD作为案例地。通过对其时空特性分析,研究点、线、面交通拥挤制约关系,路网结构导致空驶出租车滞留,罗湖枢纽"五位一体"换乘改造影响,金融、商业、写字楼、酒店、住宅密集分布影响等成因,找出解决办法。出租车在城市快速路、主干路的交通量构成比例较大,对城市交通供需平衡有较高的敏感性。采用FCD提取出租车空驶特征,是当前国内外广泛关注的研究热点。这种跨学科复合型研究的方法,引入大量实时动态数据的量化细分,改变了以往传统的定性判断方式,对于提高研究内容的科学性与有效性具有创新,也是运用动态数据研究城市交通地理的新尝试。

Research on Space-time Characteristics and Reasons of Idle Taxi Based on FCD——Case in Shenzhen Guomao CBD

Researches on taxis inside and outside our nation most focus on taxi itself business and management, confined to the area of idiographic transportation application. However, research from the sight of human geography and urban planning are lacking. Research based on real time dynamic data, about space time characteristics and reasons of idle taxis are even completely lacking. This research is an attempt based on the consideration of broad content and science innovation. This paper uses the case in Shenzhen which is the national demonstration city of saving energy and new energy source using vehicles, with the means of transportation subject, collects FCD, gets the result of Shenzhen idle taxi distributing characteristics through factor selection, characteristic value extraction, statistic clustering. Then, based on GIS T platform graph the idle taxi distribution chart and select the case in Guomao CBD which is a severely congested idle taxi region. Through the analysis of case space time characteristics, this paper can explain that why Guomao CBD is a severely congested idle taxi region. The reasons include relation of dot line area traffic congestion, the roadway structure leading to idle taxi blocking, Luohu junctions five transportation in one place transferring, denseness of commerce, business buildings, hotels and dwelling houses, etc. And find out solutions. Taxis take a big percent of urban expressway and arterial street traffic flow, has high sensitivity of urban traffic supply demand balance. Using FCD to extract idle taxi characteristics is a hot research point both inside and outside our nation. Methods of subjects span and composition, using huge real time dynamic data in quantitative analysis change traditional qualitative research means. Its an innovation of improving content more scientific and effective. Also its a new attempt of research on transportation geography by using dynamic data.