纯电动汽车车身多目标拓扑优化设计

为解决纯电动汽车车身设计中仍沿用传统车身,未同时考虑碰撞相容性和正面碰撞安全性的问题,基于混合元胞自动机拓扑优化方法,以在约束条件下吸收碰撞能量最大化为优化目标,对车身结构进行多工况概念设计,从而确定出合理的电动汽车车身布局,设计出了一种满足正面碰撞安全性与碰撞相容性的车身头部结构.结合拓扑优化结果进行有限元模型验证与厚度分析,结果表明:2~3mm的汽车头部厚度可在满足正面碰撞安全性条件下平衡碰撞过程中车体结构的纵向错位,保证碰撞力的均匀分布,实现车身轻量化.

Multi-objective topology optimization design of pure electric vehicle body

In order to solve the pure electric vehicle body design problems of following the structure of the traditional car body and not considering crash compatibility and the frontal crash safety simultaneously, the topology optimization method based on the hybrid cellular automaton is used to conduct multi-condition conceptual design for body structure with the optimization objective of maximizing the absorbed collision energy under constraint conditions. Thus, a reasonable electric vehicle body layout is determined and a new car head structure meeting frontal crash safety and crash compatibility is obtained. Finite element model validation and thickness analysis are carried out with topology optimization results. The analytical results indicate that shell thickness of the car head in the range of 2-3 mm can balance the longitudinal displacement of car body structure in the collision process under the condition of meeting the frontal crash safety, ensure the uniform distribution of collision force, and realize the lightweight of car body.