混联压电式三维椭圆振动切削过程中颤振现象的研究

三维椭圆振动辅助切削是近年来发展起来的一种很有潜力的精密超精密加工方法;其特有的摩擦力逆转和间歇切削特性不仅能有效地减少切削力,提高加工性能,理论上可以达到抑制切削颤振的目的。但是,实验中三维椭圆振动辅助切削对于颤振抑制的问题缺少相关研究;另外在不同切削条件下其本身是否具有稳定切削、防止颤振发生的能力也不得而知。为了研究三维椭圆振动切削过程中颤振现象,通过实验分析了普通切削与三维椭圆振动辅助切削过程中的时域振动信号,证明了后者对于颤振抑制的有效性;并对混联压电式三维椭圆振动切削过程中不同切削参数下的加工状态进行了划分。通过快速傅里叶变换以及计算相应切削状态下的表面粗糙度值,验证了三维椭圆振动辅助切削过程中的颤振现象。为进一步完善三维椭圆振动辅助切削技术,通过抑制颤振发生提高其加工精度以及表面质量提供了基础。

Study on the chatter phenomenon in the process of three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting actuated by piezoelectric hybrid

Three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting is one of the most potential ultra-precision machining method in recent years, this machining method has the unique characteristics of intermittent cutting and friction reversal, which can not only improves the machinability of materials, but also effectively restrains the chatter phenomenon in cutting process. However, there is still not much report about the study of chatter suppression in process using 3D elliptic vibration cutting, and it is not known whether it has the steady state and the ability of restraining the chatter under different cutting conditions. In order to study the chatter phenomenon in the process of 3D elliptical vibration cutting, the time domain vibration signals in conventional cutting and the 3D elliptical vibration cutting is analyzed and proved that the latter is effective for chatter suppression; On the other hand, the machining states in process of the hybrid piezoelectric 3D elliptical vibration cutting are divided and verified the chatter phenomenon by FFT and calculating the surface roughness value. It provides the basis for improving the machining accuracy and the surface quality, meanwhile promoting the development of three-dimensional elliptical vibration assisted cutting technology in future.