长江上游流域水文生态系统分区及保护措施

现行的水资源功能分区和水环境功能区划在水资源利用、水环境改善和水生态保护中起到了关键性作用.但对比国际上水环境管理的趋势和先进理念,其功能区划仍存在一些问题.譬如,多以水体现状使用功能为基础进行划分,缺乏水生态系统完整性考虑;也亦未考虑水体区域分异性,难以在水资源和水环境管理中实现因地制宜.本文结合国际先进理念及相关理论,并充分考虑长江上游流域水系的自然特征和生态特征,探讨了流域水文生态系统的概念和基于流域的水文生态系统分区的初步思想,提出基于流域的水文生态系统分区的定义和基本原则,建立了流域水文生态系统的完整性评价及其综合评价指标体系,并明确给出长江上游流域水文生态系统区划的方案.该区划方法充分体现了国外趋势与国内管理要求,同时兼顾流域尺度、协调思想、因地制宜和动态性,从而为长江上游流域水环境管理提供战略层次的科学参考和应用基础研究的技术平台.

HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND ZONING IN THE UPPER VALLEY OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

Functional and hydro-environmental zonings play a critical role in water resources utilization, water environment improvement, and hydro-ecological preservation. Further research, however, is needed in view of new hypothesis in contemporary water environment management, such as zoning based on integrity evaluation, full consideration of regional differentiations, and suitability for local circumstances. This paper takes into consideration of natural and ecological features of water system in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, discusses the concept of watershed and watershed hydro-ecosystem zoning. Definition and basic principles of watershed hydro-ecosystem zoning was proposed, integrity evaluation and comprehensive assessment index system was established, a practical zoning scheme of hydro-ecosystem in the upper reaches of Yangtze River is proposed. The paper considers international advances and domestic management trend, with consideration of watershed basin, coordination conception, suitability for local circumstances, and dynamic property. This research is fundamental to make scientific hydro-environment management strategies and to construct a basic platform for applied studies of the upper Yangtze River basin.