Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia;2. Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté d’Architecture La Cambre Horta, Place Eugène Flagey 19, Bruxelles, 1050, Belgium;1. Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 52706, United States;2. Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, United States;3. Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, United States;1. Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;2. School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China;3. Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;4. Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;5. The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;6. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;7. Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;8. Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;9. City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;10. Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China;11. School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineer (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;12. Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA;13. Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31003, China;14. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;15. Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;16. Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China;1. Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;2. Huntsman Cancer Institute Bioinformatic Analysis Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;3. Huntsman Cancer Institute High-Throughput Genomics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;4. Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;5. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;6. HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA;7. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;8. Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;9. ARUP Laboratories at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;2. Tongji University Cancer Center, Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China;3. Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;4. Department of General Surgery, Hua''shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200040, China;5. School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China;6. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;7. Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China;8. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;9. Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China;1. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children''s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;3. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;4. Hopp Children''s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;5. Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;6. Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;7. Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;8. Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;9. Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;10. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;11. Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;12. Clinical Cell Biology, Children''s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria;13. Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;14. Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;15. Department of Pathology, Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;16. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Boston Children''s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;17. Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;18. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA;19. Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;2. Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Climate change presents a threat to the sustainability of cities and their societies, and must be adequately addressed. Urban environments (cities) are responsible for the creation of a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are the source of climate change. Cities have been increasingly the focus of action to address climate change, yet emissions are not significantly reducing. Additionally, there a lack of integration between adaptation and mitigation. This prevents responses adequate to limit global warming to 1.5OC, and to be well adapted to anticipated changes. This paper critically analyses existing definitions and typologies of climate change actions. A definition of ‘climate change transformation’ is proposed which includes the integration of adaptation and mitigation goals to enable a new regime in which global warming is limited to 1.5OC. A new three-part typology: ‘coping, malaction and transformation,’ is presented for categorising climate change actions by the extent to which they integrate adaptation and mitigation, and define a new regime. The typology is accompanied by illustrations to demonstrate the relationship between adaptation and mitigation. The definition, typology and illustration serve to guide effective climate change decision making, and provides principles to guide application in urban environments. |
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| Keywords: | Climate change transformation Adaptation Mitigation New regime Coping Malaction Urban environments |
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