原油组分与降凝剂相互作用

利用红外光谱探讨了原油中各组分与降凝剂之间的相互作用，由实验得到以下主要结论:降凝剂的极性基团与沥青质的极性基团形成氢键，降凝剂和沥青质分子结合在一起，降凝剂高分子链转动和扭曲，减少沥青质平面分子结构的重叠，减少堆叠体的形成;另一方面，降凝剂中的极性基团也可以与胶质的极性基团发生氢键作用，降凝剂高分子分子健转动和扭曲，减少胶质本身的氢键结合，减少胶质分子之间通过氢键形成密集胶束的趋势。由于沥青质堆叠体和胶质密集胶束的减少，原油的粘度的降低，达到了降低原油粘度的目的;原油的凝点主要由蜡的含量和组成决定的，胶质和降凝剂能够参与使蜡的结晶，使蜡晶的形态和尺寸发生改变，达到降低凝点的目的。

INTERACTION BETWEEN POUR POINT DEPRESSANT AND COMPONENTS OF CRUDE

The interaction between components of crude and pour point depressant has been studied 6y the means of infrared spectra. From experiments , the following conclusions have been obtained that hydrogen bonds have been formed between polar groups of pour point depressant and those of asphalt. High molecular chain of pour point depressant would turn and distort so that plane molecular structures of asphalt decrease to overlap and the amount、of asphalt polymers decreases. }On the other hand, hydrogen bonds have been formed between polar groups of pour point depressant and those of resin. High molecular chain of pour point depressant would turn and distort so that the amount of micelles of resin decreases. The pour point of crude is mainly determined by the content and component of wax, resin and pour point delitessant may take patt in the crystal course of wax so that the dimensions and shapes of wax crystals can be changed, and the pour point of crude is depressed.