相向流对室内人行道影响的模拟与量化研究

对公共场所中的室内人行道来说,人流的相向运动是常见的一种现象.不合理的设计会引起通道的经常性阻塞甚至在疏散中导致踩踏事故.如何确定人行道的最大人流量是设计中的关键问题.采用计算机模拟软件对不同人流比率下行走速度和人流量之间的关系进行了研究.通过模拟得出了不同人流比率下的最大人流量、低密度状态下的自由行走速度以及最大人流量下的行走速度.根据模拟结果,对人流比率与人流量之间的函数关系进行标准化.这种标准化函数关系可以用于对各种状态下(从自由流到阻塞流)的道路状况进行评估.研究发现:相向流比率对最大人流量和最大人流量下的行走速度都有影响,而对自由行走速度影响不大.研究结果可用于人行道的设计和规划及疏散性能评估.

Simulation of the bi-directional flow effects on the indoor walkway

Bi-directional flow is a common phenomenon in indoor walkways of public venues. Unreasonable design of the walkway can incur crowd blocks and even result in trample disaster. How to determine the maximum flow of the walkway is a key issue in its design. The paper studied the relationship between the walking speed and maximum flow rates under different flow ratios by simulation. The maximum flow rates of different flow ratios, the free walking speed of low density as well as the walking speed of maximum flow rates are all derived from simulations. The function between the relationship of flow ratio and maximum flow was deduced and standardized according to the results of simulation. It was found that the ratio of the bi-directional flow affected the maximum flow and the maximum walking speed greatly, but hardly affected the free walking speed. The results of the research can benefit the design of the walkway and help evaluate the performance of pedestrian facilities.