贵州水银洞金矿五种藓类重金属富集特性及其生态修复潜力研究(英文)

利用原子吸收法和原子荧光法对贵州水银洞金矿土生对齿藓Didymodon vinealis(Brid.)Zander、纤枝短月藓Brachymenium exile(Doz.et Molk.)、异芽丝瓜藓Pohlia leucostoma(Bosch Lac.)Fleisch、短柄小曲尾藓DicranellagonoiCare.和狭叶丝瓜藓Pohlia timmioides(Broth.)P.-C.Chen ex Redf.Tan及其基质中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Hg、As含量进行了测定。与国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)比较,土壤8种重金属含量中,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co含量未超出国家土壤环境三级标准,而Hg和As平均含量分别高达6.95mg kg-1和401.70mg kg-1,分别超出国家土壤环境三级标准值的4.63倍和10.04倍,说明水银洞金矿已被Hg和As严重污染。关于藓类植物对元素富集能力的分析发现,土生对齿藓对Cr相对富集;异芽丝瓜藓对Cd强烈富集,对Cr和Co相对富集;短柄小曲尾藓对Cr相对富集;狭叶丝瓜藓对Cd相对富集;纤枝短月藓对Cr和Pd强烈富集,对Zn相对富集。在重金属污染严重的水银洞金矿矿区,这五种藓类生长很好且生物量较大,意味着它们具有对重金属有较强的耐性或抗性,可作为重金属污染严重的矿区的生态修复素材。

Accumulation of heavy metals in five mosses and their ecological rehabilitation potential from Shuiyindong Gold Deposit in Guizhou, China

Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Hg and As in Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zander, Brachymenium exile (Doz. Et Molk.) Bosch et Lac, Pohlia leucostoma (Bosch Lac.) Fleisch, Dicranella gonoi Card., Pohlia timmioides (Broth.) P.-C.Chen ex Redf.Tan and their soil were analysed by means of applying the atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Compared to soil environmental quality standards of China, the average concentrations, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Co are lower than the standards while Hg and As are the seriously polluted elements in soil at Shuiyindong Gold Deposit. Mean contents of Hg and As are 6.95, 401.70 mg Kg-1, which are 4.63, 10.04 times higher than the third standard value recommended in soil. (GB15618-1995), respectively. The results show that this area has been seriously contaminated by Hg and As. According to our analysis for enrichment ability of mosses to elements, Didymodon vinealis can accumulate with Cr relatively; Pohlia leucostoma can accumulate with Cd intensively and accumulate with Cr, Co relatively; Dicranella gonoi can accumulate with Cr relatively; Pohlia timmioides can accumulate with Cd relatively; Brachymenium exile can accumulate with Cr, Pd intensively and accumulate with Zn relatively. In so heavy metal polluted mine, the five mosses can live well and their biomass are quite large, that means they possess of strong endurance to heavy metals, which awakes us to use these mosses to improve environments which are contaminated by heavy metals seriously on further study.