多模态大数据语境下科技术语翻译标准分析——以新冠肺炎和新冠病毒术语翻译为例

科技术语翻译在全球贸易、科技传播中起着举足轻重的作用,但还存在不准确、不规范和不一致等现象,例如在线词典、机器翻译引擎、在线百科等提供的新冠肺炎和新冠病毒的译法。梳理了科技术语翻译标准和多模态大数据语境理论框架。基于科技术语与翻译方面权威的规范文献的国际国内标准和术语翻译标准的相关研究等可归纳为准确、简明、一致、规范的术语翻译标准;多模态大数据语境则指术语可通过文本、图片、网页等多模态语境传播,整个网络具有多模态语境互文性。文章以新冠肺炎和新冠病毒术语翻译标准化为例,基于网络、数据库检索、图文等互文性语境,以及现有相关研究,分析在科普和学术论文场合的翻译惯例,根据术语翻译标准,更全面归纳了标准化汉英翻译,包括优选术语、全称、曾称和简称等,示范了英语科技论文中全称和简称的写作方式等,可为在线词典、机器翻译中术语优化和科技名词规范等术语翻译标准化相关工作提供参考。

Translation Standards of Scientific and Technical Terms in the Context of Multimodal Big Data:Terminology Translation about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Scientific and technical terminology translation plays an important role in global trade and sci-tech communication. Problems arise of mistranslation, nonstandardization and inconsistency, such as problems from an online dictionary, machine translation engines and an online encyclopedia in their different versions of term translation. Translation standards of scientific and technical terminology can be integrated into context of multimodal big data as an applicable theoretical modal. Based on some authoritative specifications, Chinese and international standards and studies of terminology translation standards, translation standards of scientific and technical terminology can be summarized as faithfulness, conciseness, consistency and standardization. Context of multimodal big data means that terms can be communicated through multimodal context of texts, pictures, and webpages, etc. and the Internet has intertextuality of the multimodal context. A case study is conducted of translation standardization for scientific and technical terms about COCID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 to explore their usage in scenarios like popular science and research articles, based on the intertextuality of multimodal context in webpages, databases, texts and pictures etc. More comprehensive Chinese-English standardized terminology translations are summarized in accordance with terminology translation standards, including preferred terms, full terms, obsolete terms and simplified terms etc., and English writing of full terms and simplified terms in academic English are demonstrated for the reference of Chinese-English translation. This study can illuminate terminology standardization including quality improvement of terminology translation for online dictionaries and machine translation engines, and strategies for standardizing scientific and technical terms.