草鱼、赤眼鳟及其杂交F_1的形态差异分析

为了研究正交F1(草鱼♀×赤眼鳟♂)、反交F1(赤眼鳟♀×草鱼♂)的形态特点,采用传统形态学测定与现代框架测定结合的方法,测定了杂交F1及其亲本的可量可数性状,并进行了相关统计分析。结果显示:草鱼、赤眼鳟及正、反交F1在体型、体色、眼睛、鳞片以及口须等性状上有差异;杂交F1的胸鳍分支鳍条、侧线鳞数、侧线下鳞数与赤眼鳟差异显著(P0.05);正交F1的体宽超亲本偏离,反交F1的吻长、口长、口裂长、眼间距、尾鳍长超亲本偏离;聚类结果表明杂种F1的传统可量性状偏赤眼鳟遗传,框架性状偏草鱼遗传;构建了4个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率均为100%。综上所述,杂交F1综合了双亲特点,且存在杂种优势性状,可考虑作为新品种开发。

Morphological characteristics analysis of Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Squaliobarbus curriculus and their reciprocal hybrids F 1

In order to analyze the morphological characteristics of the direct cross F1 (grass carp♀× barbel chub♂) and the reverse cross F 1 (barbel chub♀ × grass carp♂), combining the measurement methods of the traditional morphological parameters and the modern truss framework parameters, the countable and measurable properties of the reciprocal hybrids and their parents are measured and related data are analyzed by using the method of statistics. The results show there are differences in body shape, body color, eyes, squame and tentaculum among the four populations. The number of soft ray in pectoral fin, lateral line scales and scales below lateral line are significantly different between the reciprocal hybrids and barbel chub(p<0.05). Body width of the direct cross F 1 and the five parameters(snout length, mouth length, mouth slit length, interorbital width and caudal fin length) of the reverse cross F1 are transgressive inheritance. Cluster analysis shows that traditional measurable parameters of the reciprocal hybrids resemble barbel chub, while truss framework parameters resemble grass carp. Discriminant analysis establish four discriminant functions which the discrimination accuracy are 100%. The study indicates that the reciprocal hybrids F 1 appear to be a mixture of their parents and they exhibit heterosis which can be discussed as new species.