汉韩语主语省略的类型学分析

文章简要描写了汉语和韩语对话结构和叙述结构中句子主语的省略现象,发现虽然汉语比英语更少使用主语,但却比韩语更多使用主语,尤其是在对话结构中。叙述结构中汉语相邻句中的动词谓语如果不具并列承接性或不具同类性,主语不能省略。相反韩语更多地省略句子主语,尤其是在对话结构中。文章由此推测,汉语和韩语分别属于＂主体＂和＂客体＂为中心的语言,准确地说,＂主体中心＂和＂客体中心＂之间存在一个连续性,汉语是偏向＂主体中心＂的语言。

A Typological Analysis on Ellipsis of Subject in Chinese and Korean

This paper briefly describes ellipsis of subject in conversations and narrations in Chineseand Korean and finds out although subjects are less commonly used in Chinese than in English, they aremore commonly used in Chinese than in Korean, especially in conversations. In narrations, if thepredicate verbs in two contiguous sentences are not juxtaposed or inheritable, the subject cannot beomitted in Chinese. However, subjects are often omitted in Korean, especially in conversations. It isassumed that the facts above correspond to two different kinds of languages, and Chinese and Koreanbelong to subject-centered language and object-centered language respectively. There is precisely acontinuum between subject-centered language and object-centered language, and Chinese stands closeto subject-centered language.