新疆阿克苏地区景观格局与生境质量时空演变及影响机制

基于新疆阿克苏地区1980-2020年土地利用的数据,利用景观格局指数、生境质量模型分析不同景观的结构特征和时空格局的变化、生境质量演变规律,借助地理探测器模型探测阿克苏地区生境质量变化的驱动因子.结果表明:1980-2020年,耕地、林地、建设用地及未利用地面积增加,草地和水域面积减少;优势景观类型对整体景观的主导力逐渐下降,不同土地利用类型也呈现出差异化的景观格局变化;阿克苏地区生境质量处于偏低水平,除乌什县外,其他县、市平均生境质量均呈现波动下降趋势;平均斑块面积、景观分裂指数、人口密度对阿克苏地区生境质量的变化贡献率占据主导地位;政策宏观调控因素与自然地理环境因素及社会经济发展因素之间的交互作用逐渐加强,尤其是人均国内生产总值(GDP)、农民人均纯收入与自然地理环境因素之间的协同作用最强.

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Influence Mechanism of Landscape Pattern and Habitat Quality in Aksu Region of Xingjiang

Based on the land-use data of Aksu Region of Xinjiang during 1980-2020, the structural characteristics of different landscapes, the changes in spatio-temporal patterns and the habitat quality evolution of different landscapes were analyzed by using the landscape pattern indexes and the habitat quality model. The driving factors of habitat quality changed in the Aksu Region were detected by means of the geographical detector model. The results show that, during 1980-2020, the areas of the arable land, the forest land, the construction land and the unused land increase, and the areas of grassland and body of water decrease. The dominance of dominant landscapes types on the overall landscape gradually declines, and the different land-use types also show differentiated landscape pattern change. The habitat quality in Aksu Region is at a low level, and the average habitat quality of other counties and cities except Wushi County show a fluctuating downward trend. The contribution rate of the average plaque area, the landscape division indexes, and population density to changes in habitat quality in Aksu Region dominate leading position. The interaction among the policy macro-control factors, the natural geographical environment factors, and the social and economic development factors has gradually strengthened, especially the synergy among per capita gross domestic product(GDP), per capita net income of farmers and natural geographical environment factors is the strongest.