船用二氧化碳制冷装置形式及制冷剂

介绍了船用制冷系统的基本形式以及船用制冷剂的发展与选择，确定船用CO2制冷装置应采取跨临界循环形式．与常用氟利昂类制冷工质的主要性能指标进行对比，认为CO2将是最具有竞争力的替代制冷剂．针对CO2物性变化特点，重新界定了临界区域．分析了回热和CO2热物性对COP的影响，并结合船舶特殊的运行环境，对制冷系统的设计提出了若干建议，分析结果和建议对于天然替代制冷剂在船舶上的应用具有重要参考价值。

Form and refrigerant of ship CO2-refrigeration system

Basic forms of marine refrigeration system, development and selection of marine refrigerants were introduced, and trans-critical cycle is determined as the optimum form of marine CO_2 refrigeration system. Comparison of main properties with commonly-used working fluids indicates that CO_2 is the most competitive replacement refrigerant. In view of the characteristic of CO_2's physical property change, the extent of critical area was redefined. The effect of heat regeneration and thermophysical properties of CO_2 on the COP was analyzed. With the special operating conditions of ships taken into account, suggestions were made on the design of marine refrigeration system. Analysis results and suggestions have important reference value for the application of natural replacement refrigerant to ships.