"禅"、"让"释义及其在先秦、秦汉典籍中的运用

“禅”的原始释义是祭祀天地。作为帝位传递的“禅”的释义大概开始于战国时代中期。“禅”的礼仪内涵与政治内涵之间存在着本义与后起义的关系。表礼仪让德的释义的“让”与表政治行为之“禅”的结合，使我国古代社会的禅让政治成为一种礼让政治。从先秦与秦汉典籍中表达王朝更替意思的“禅”与“让”字的此消彼长可以看出。“禅”的词义经过了由祭祀天地慢慢向王朝更替的扩展与转变，这也正是我国古代社会的禅让政治现象由隐变显情形在语言文字上的投影与反映。

Subject: On the Exegetical Explaination of Shan and Rang and Their Use in the Classical Books of Before the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty

The initial meaning of Shan is the sacred rites to the heaven and the earth . The meaning of Shan , which is explained as dynasty alternation , is about obtained in the middle period of the warring kingdoms dynasty. The combination of Rang which is explained as a rite and Shan which is explained as dynasty alternation make the Shanrang politics to appear the propriety with Chinese characteristics. The meaning of Shan expands from the sacred rites to the heaven and the earth to dynasty alternation in the different times , which reflects the change of Shanrang politics ohenomenon of the ancient China.