变刚度悬架的虚拟匹配优化

为解决某客车变刚度悬架的匹配优化问题,首先对传统的汽车悬架匹配方法和流程进行了总结,然后提出了基于计算机辅助优化(CAO)技术的虚拟匹配优化方法,并给出了相应的匹配流程.该匹配方法先建立整车的虚拟优化模型,再编制优化匹配程序并设定优化目标,然后联合优化模型仿真进行虚拟匹配.为建立准确的虚拟模型,特对该车的前后轮胎和空满载下簧载惯性参数进行了测试.文中匹配的悬架参数包括前悬架扭杆的扭转刚度、前后减振器的阻尼系数、前后稳定杆的扭转刚度、后悬架板簧的初级刚度与复合刚度和板簧衬套的径向刚度.匹配时需要考虑空载和满载两种状态下的车辆性能.通过虚拟匹配得到了该车变刚度悬架的匹配结果,然后根据该结果试制了悬架样件,最后在某汽车试验场进行了对比验证试验.结果表明,所采用的虚拟匹配方法对变刚度悬架参数的匹配优化是有效可行的,这对汽车底盘的虚拟开发及优化具有一定的借鉴指导意义.

Virtual Matching Optimization of Variable Stiffness Suspension

In order to address the matching optimization of one bus with variable stiffness suspension, traditional suspension matching methods and processes were firstly summarized and then the virtual matching optimization method was proposed based on Computer Aided Optimization (CAO) technology. The corresponding matching process was also given, in which the virtual dynamic optimal model of the vehicle was established, the matching optimization was programmed and the optimization goal was also set. For an accurate virtual model, the mechanical characteristics of the bus' tires were tested and the inertial parameters of the bus' sprung mass were also measured under unloaded and full loaded states. The matched suspension parameters included the torsion stiffness of front torsion bar, the pre and post damping curve coefficients, the torsional stiffness of pre and post stabilizer bars, the two-stage variable stiffness of rear suspension and the radial stiffness of the leaf spring bushing. When virtually matching, the vehicle performance under two kinds of loaded states (unloaded and full loaded) was considered respectively. Then, the matched results of the variable stiffness suspension were obtained. The suspension samples were made according to the matched results, and the comparative trials of vehicle were done in an automotive proving ground to evaluate the optimization effect. The results show that the proposed virtual matching optimization method is effective and feasible for matching the variable stiffness suspension parameters.