洞庭湖洪涝灾害成因和治理研究

洞庭湖位于长江中游,荆江的南岸。荆江两岸是长江洪涝灾害最严重的地区之一。荆江北岸大堤形成于明朝张居正当政时代,为荆北平原的重要保障。因而长江洪水向南溃决,泛滥成灾。近几十年来,由于长江泥沙在湖区淤积,洲滩成群,湖盆淤浅。加之过量围垦,致使湖泊容积减少。且长江湖口以下干流河床淤积抬高,湖口排水受托,洪水渲泄不畅。因此,湖区的洪涝渍灾害日趋严重,影响国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高。本文在收集资料和实地调查的基础上,对洪涝灾害成因进行了分析,并对洞庭湖的综合治理和减轻长江中下游的洪涝灾害提出治理意见。

The Cause and Harness of Flood Disasters in Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake lies in the middle reaches of the Yangtse River and the south bank of Jingjiang. The two banks of Jing-jiang are the most seriously flooded areas in the Yangtse River. The dyke along the north bank was formed during the Aing Dynasty, and it's the important gafeguard of the north plain. In this way, the flood in the Yangtse River flows to the south bank, thus bririgs disasters. Because of the deposit of the sand, the excessive enclose of tideland for cultivation through the years, the volume of the lake decreased. What's more, the river-bed deposit in the lower Yangtse River has been raised, causing the unoothness of leading off the flood. The flood disaster has become increasingly serious thus the raising of people's living stnndard and the development of national economy have been greatly affected. The paper, hased on a lot of data and investigation, analyses the cause of the flood disasters and puts forward the harness suggestions. It will have great siguificance to the comprehensive harness of Dongting Lake and reduce the disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River.