供应链中社会资本、不确定性与机会主义行为关系的实证研究

供应链中普遍存在机会主义行为风险,而关于此类研究成果主要基于交易成本理论而缺乏对供应链中的社会关系的考量。深入分析了社会资本的结构、认知和关系维度的内在关系,给出了社会资本抑制机会主义行为的作用路径。建立了社会资本-不确定性-机会主义行为的结构方程模型,通过采集制造业、石油化工业等不同行业的300份供应链成员有效问卷对模型假设进行检验。研究结果表明:社会资本结构维度中信息交换对认知维度中的文化理解与过程集成均有显著正向相关性,文化理解与关系维度中的信任与合作规范均有显著正向相关性,过程集成与关系维度中的信任具有显著负相关性、与合作规范呈现显著正相关性。认知维度中文化理解与供应链成员内部不确定性显著负相关,关系维度中信任与供应链成员行为不确定性显著负相关,而供应链中不确定性显著提升其机会主义行为发生的可能性。研究结果对提升供应链企业间关系治理水平,降低不确定性和机会主义行为都具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。

An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Social Capital,Uncertainty and Opportunistic Behavior in Supply Chain

Opportunistic behavioral risks prevail in supply chain cooperation, but existing literatures are mainly based on the transaction cost theory, lacking the consideration of social relationships in supply chain. This paper made a deep analysis of the internal relationship between the structure, cognition and relationship dimension of social capital, and gave the path of social capital to suppress opportunistic behavior. Besides, it established the structural equation model of social capital, uncertainty and opportunistic behavior. Moreover, it tested the hypothesis of the model by collecting 300 valid questionnaires of supply chain members from different manufacturing industries, petrochemical industry, and other industries. The empirical research results show that information exchange in the dimension of social capital structure has a significantly positive correlation with cultural understanding and process integration, and there is a significant positive correlation between cultural understanding with trust and cooperation norms in the relational dimension. However, process integration has a significantly negative relationship with trust in the relational dimension but has a significantly positive relationship with cooperation norms. In the cognitive dimension, cultural understanding is negatively correlated with internal uncertainty to a large extent, while in the relational dimension, trust is negatively correlated with behavioral uncertainty. Uncertainty between members of the supply chain significantly increases the likelihood of opportunity behavior.