善恶报应在中西悲剧中的不同命运

西方悲剧人物往往是出众的英雄，有着明确的具有挑战性的意志，能够积极地行动，主动地控制局面，有力地将冲突推向高潮，并在自己蒙受痛苦的同时，给对手以致命的打击；其灾难性结局是人物自愿选择的，是自觉的意志的实现，没有多少遗憾，无需善恶报应的介入。中国悲剧的善良弱小的主人公往往没有往外扩张的自觉意志，甚至连防人之心也没有，主动的出击非常有限，只能被动地忍受迫害，无法在剧烈的对抗中给对手以有效的打击；其遭遇不是主人公自愿选择的结果，是外力强加给他的，需要报应的方式平息人们的愤怒之情。中西悲剧的不同形态有着深刻的文化成因，体现了不同的德与福的关系。

On Different Fortunes of Poetic Justice in Chinese and Western Tragedies

The Western tragic heroes, who are often destinguished persons with definite will to challenge, can actively take action, dominate the situation, bring fatal destruction to the enemy at the cost of great pains for themselves; the disasterous end, which is out of their own choice, is the fulfillment of their own will without much regret, therefore poetic justice is not needed. The Chinese tragic heroes, who are often kind-hearted weak persons without will to challenge, are not even well-prepared to protect themselves; without active measures, they can not attack the enemy efficiently, so they have to suffer passively; the disasterous result is caused by external forces, against their own will, therefore poetic justice is needed to pacify the anger in the readers' mind. The different fortunes of poetic justice in China and Western ccountries have deep roots in their culture, showing different relations between happiness and virtue.