宋代的牲畜疫病及政府的应对——以宋代政府诏令为中心的讨论

历代政府对耕牛和马都给予了保护性的政策。两宋时期,耕牛和马作为农业生产的主要动力与运输工具,由于国营牧监的南移和饲养方式的变化,导致了疫病的频繁发生和流行,从而引起了宋代政府的高度重视。以宋代政府诏令为中心,探讨宋代牲畜疫病的流行情况及特点,牲畜疫病的病因及对农业生产、交通运输和军事战争所产生的重大影响,分析和疏理宋代通过政府诏令对不同时期发生的牲畜疫病所采取的应对措施。同时,还探讨北宋和南宋政府在牲畜疫病应对上的不同,以及这种不同与两宋时期的政治军事和社会经济之间的关系。

Livestock Epidemic Diseases and the Countermeasures by the Song Government

Every Chinese government instituted some protective policies for cattle and horses. Because of the change of the mode of breeding, the Song Dynasty attached great importance to cattle and horses as the primary tools for agriculture and transportation after the frequent occurrence and prevalence of livestock epidemic disease during the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. This article, which is mainly based on Song imperial edicts, discusses the occurrence and prevalence, the causation of livestock epidemic disease and its great impact on agriculture, transportation and military affairs. The article also analyses the differences between Northern and Southern Song government policies on livestock epidemic disease in relation to politico-military affairs and social economy.