西藏自治区民用运输机场空间可达性评价

本文利用Open Street Map的矢量路网数据，对西藏全区构建1km*1km成本栅格，通过累积耗费距离法测算西藏现状及规划完成后西藏自治区民用运输机场可达情况，重点对人口、不同等级行政驻地、旅游景区、边境地区等方面的机场可达性进行了比较分析。研究结果如下：①现状机场体系1.5小时内仅能覆盖拉萨、日喀则和林芝市级行政驻地，在规划机场建成后，能够增加对那曲市行政驻地的覆盖。②现状机场体系在3小时内能够覆盖14个区县行政驻地，大多分布在以拉萨、林芝、日喀则等地为核心的河谷地区，5小时内不可达机场的区县主要分布在那曲市、日喀则市和林芝市，包含羌塘高原大部分地区和藏东南边境。在规划机场建成后，3小时内新增对6个区县行政驻地的覆盖，覆盖率增加19%。③现状机场体系在3小时内对5A、4A、3A景区的覆盖率分别是80%、61%、47%，在S2情景下覆盖率增加0%、13%、8%。④现状机场体系在3小时内不能到达区内任何通商口岸，在规划机场建成后，能够覆盖普兰、亚东通商口岸，到达最近机场时间分别是0.5、3小时。需要考虑在现有机场规划之下，发展包括通用航空的多级机场体系，加强对机场空白区，尤其是通商口岸、旅游景区等具有重要经济发展意义地区的机场布局。

Evaluation on Spatial Accessibility of Airports in Tibet

Using the road data of Open Street Map, this paper constructs a 1km*1km cost grid of Tibet, to calculate the accessibility of airports in Tibet for analyzing the improvement after the completion of planning. The research results are as follows: the present airport system can only cover Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi within 1.5 hours. After the planned airports are completed, it can increase the coverage of Naqu. The current airport system can cover 14 counties within 3 hours, mostly distributed in river valley areas with Lhasa, Nyingchi, Shigatse and other places as the core. After the completion of the planned airport, the coverage of counties within 3 hours will increase by 19%, and the coverage rate of 5A, 4A and 3A Scenic Spots will increase by 0%, 13% and 8%. The airport system cannot reach any trade port in the region within 3 hours now. It will cover Pulan and Yadong trade ports after the planned airports are completed. It is necessary to consider the development of a multi-level airport system including general aviation under the existing airport planning, and strengthen the airport layout of the airport blank area, especially the commercial ports, tourist attractions and other areas with important economic development significance.