施用氮硅肥对巨型稻生长、养分利用和产量的影响

该文采用田间随机区组设计,以巨型稻“丰超6号”为供试材料,以磷钾肥为基肥,设置氮肥或硅肥使用组合的4种处理:不施氮肥和硅肥(CK)、施氮肥(N)、施氮肥配施低量硅肥(NSi₁)和施氮肥配施高量硅肥(NSi₂).研究结果表明:相对于CK处理,施用氮肥和硅肥使水稻地上部和根系生物量分别增加了55.6%和67.0%,使水稻根冠比分别增加了30.8%和46.2%.与CK处理相比,施用氮肥和硅肥使巨型稻分蘖数分别增加了23.9%和45.0%; 与单施氮肥相比,氮、硅肥配施使分蘖数进一步增加了17.1%,施用氮肥和硅肥使巨型稻SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量)分别增加了9.7%和19.8%.氮、硅肥配施使土壤碱解氮和有效硅含量分别增加了19.2%～31.5%和9.2%～28.5%.NSi₂处理较NSi₁处理的氮肥利用率提高了16.5%.与单施氮肥相比,NSi₁处理使巨型稻产量提高了11.7%,而NSi₂处理使巨型稻产量显著增加26.1%.在巨型稻种植过程中以氮肥配施高量硅肥(NSi₂)处理效果最好.

The Effects of Nitrogen and Silicon Fertilizer Application on Growth,Nutrient Utilization and Yield of Giant Rice

The randomized block design is used in this study,"Fengchao 6" is used as the test material,and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer.Four treatments of nitrogen or silicon fertilizer combination are set such as no nitrogen and silicon fertilizer(CK),nitrogen fertilizer(N),nitrogen fertilizer combined with low silicon fertilizer(NSi₁)and nitrogen fertilizer combined with silicon fertilizer High silicon fertilizer(NSi₂).The results show that compared with CK treatment,the aboveground biomass and root biomass of rice increase by 55.6% and 67.0%,respectively,and the root shoot ratio increases by 30.8% and 46.2%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the tiller number of giant rice increases by 23.9% and 45.0% respectively under nitrogen and silicon application.Compared with nitrogen application alone,the tiller number further increases by 17.1%,and SPAD value(relative chlorophyll content)of giant rice increases by 9.7% and 19.8% respectively under nitrogen and silicon application.Combined application of nitrogen and silicon increases the contents of available nitrogen and silicon by 19.2%～31.5% and 9.2%～28.5%,respectively.The nitrogen use efficiency of NSi₂ is 16.49% higher than that of NSi₁.Compared with nitrogen application alone,NSi₁ treatment increases the yield of giant rice by 11.7%,while NSi₂ treatment significantly increases the yield of giant rice by 26.1%.Nitrogen fertilizer combined with high silicon fertilizer(NSi₂)has the best effect on giant rice.